Chuyên đề câu trực tiếp - Câu gián tiếp và bài tập
Teacher: Vu Van Duong Phone: 0337849696
CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÂU TRỰC TIẾP – CÂU GIÁN TIẾP
I. Khái niệm:
Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.
Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần phải dùng đúng những từ của người nói.
* NÕu ®éng tõ tu êng thuËt cña c©u ë th× qu¸ khø th× ph¶i lïi ®éng tõ chÝnh vÒ qu¸ khø một bËc khi chuyÓn tõ lêi nãi trùc tiÕp sang lêi nãi gi¸n tiÕp theo quy t¾c sau:
Tenses:
Direct Speech (Lời nói trực tiếp) Reported Speech (lời nói gián tiếp)Present simple Hiện tại đơnPast simple Quá khứ đơnPresent progressive Hiện tại tiếp diễnPast progressive Quá khứ tiếp diễnPast simple Quá khứ đơnPast perfect Quá khứ hoàn thànhPast progresive Quá khứ tiếp diễnPast perfect progressive
QK hoàn thành tiếp diễnPresent perfect Hiện tại hoàn thànhPast perfect Quá khứ hoàn thànhPresent perfect progressive
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễnPast perfect progressive
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễnPast perfect Quá khứ hoàn thànhPast perfect Quá khứ hoàn thànhPast perfect progressive
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễnPast perfect progressive
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Note: Will/ shall à would/ should ; Must à had to.
* Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn cũng như đại từ chỉ định được thay đổi theo quy tắc sau:
Direct SpeechIndirect Speech ( Reported)This
These
this/that + N
Here
Now
Today/Tonight
Yesterday
The day before yesterday
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Next week/year
Last week/year
last Tuesday
A year ago
That
Those
the + N
There
Then
That day/That night
The day before/the previous day
Two days before
The next day/ the following day
In two days’ time/two days later
The following week/year
The previous week/year
the previous Tuesday/the Tuesday before
A year before/ the previous year
*Qui tắc thay đổi đại từ, tính từ
Direct SpeechIndirect Speech ( Reported)I
You
We
Me
Us
My
Our
YourHe/ she
He/ she/ they
They/ you
Him/ her
Them
His/ her/ your
Their
His/ her/ my
+ Nguyên tắc trên được áp dụng cho tất cả các loại câu tường thuật.
* Có 3 loại câu tường thuật cơ bản:
1. Reported statements(tường thuật dạng câu kể)
S + say(s)/ said + (that) + S + V* (says/ say to + O à tells / tell + O) and (said to + O à told + O).
Eg: He said to me”I haven’t finished my work”
à He told me he hadn’t finished his work.
2. Reported questions (Tường thuật dạng câu hỏi).
a. Yes/ No questions:
S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + if/ weather + S + VE.g: ”Are you angry?” he asked à He asked if/ whether I was angry.
(Chuyển câu hỏi ở câu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định rồi thực hiện thay đổi thì, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn, chủ ngữ, tân ngữ...)
b.Wh - questions:
S + asked (+O)/ wanted to know/ wondered + Wh– words + S + V.* says/ say to + O à asks/ ask + O.
said to + O à asked + O.
Eg. ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher.
à The teacher asked us what we were talking about.
3. Reported commands (Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh)
* Khẳng định: S + told + O + to- infinitive.
Eg. “Please wait for me here, Mary.” Tom said
à Tom told Mary to wait for him there.
* Phủ định: S + told + O + not to + V(infinitive).
Eg.”Don’t talk in class!” the teacher said to us.
--> The teacher told us not to talk in class.
* Reporting verbs:
- agree, decide, offer, promise, refuse ... + to- infinitive
- advise , ask, encourage, invite, remind, tell, want, warn ... + O + to infinitive.
- admit (thừa nhận), deny (phủ nhận), stop, suggest...+ V-ing.
* Câu điều kiện ở lời nói gián tiếp:
1. Điều kiện có thật, có thể xảy ra: Chúng ta áp dụng quy tắc chung của lời nói gián tiếp.
Eg. He said “If I have much money, I’ll travel around the world.”
à He said (that) If he had much money, he would travel around the world.
2. Điều kiện không có thật/ giả sử: Chúng ta giữ nguyên,không đổi.
Eg: “If I had two wings,I would fly everywhere”, he said.
à He said If he had two wings, he would fly everywhere.
B. Exercises:
Exercise 1: Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.
1. “If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this car”.
à He advised..................................................................................................................
2. “Shall I carry your suicase, Lan?” said Nam.
à Nam offered..............................................................................................................
3. “ Yes, all right. I’ll share the food with you, Dave”.
à Ann agreed...................................................................................................................
4. “ Sue, can you remember to buy some bread? ”.
à Paul reminded...............................................................................................................
5. “ Don’t touch anything in this room”, the man said to the children.
à The man ordered...........................................................................................................
6.” I must go home to make the dinner”, said Mary.
à Mary..............................................................................................................................
7. “ Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?” Tom asked me.
à Tom asked...................................................................................................................
8. “ Have you finished your homework?” Mom asked.
à Mom asked if.............................................................................................................
9.She said to me “ I can’t do it by myself”.
à She told me that..........................................................................................................
10.”Does your brother live in London,Nam?” Lan asked.
àLan wanted to know if........................................................................................................
11.”Don’t repeat this mistake again.”his father warned him.
àHis father warned him.......................................................................................................
12.”Give me a smile,”The photographer said to me.
àThe.....................................................................................................................................
13.”Don’t leave these book on the table” ,the librarian said to the students àThe librarian told the students.................................................................................................
14.”Have you travelled abroad much?”he asked me.
àHe......................................................................................................................................
15.”Who has written this note?” the boss asked the secretary.
àThe boss asked..................................................................................................................
16.”I have just received a postcard from my sister,”my friend said to me.
àMy friend told me.............................................................................................................
17.”This story happened long ago”he said.
àHe said...............................................................................................................................
Exercise 21 "Don't repeat this mistake again!" the instructor warned the sports¬man.
.............................................................................................................................................2 "Leave your address with the secretary," the assistant said to me.
............................................................................................................................................3 "Phone to me for an answer tomorrow” the manager said to the client.
...........................................................................................................................................4 "Don't be so silly," the father said to the kid.
...........................................................................................................................................5 "Give a smile," the photographer said to me.
........................................................................................................................................6 "Please, help me to make a decision," Ann asked her friend.
............................................................................................................................................7 "Don't leave these books on the table, put them back on the shelf," the librarian said to the student.
..........................................................................................................................................8 "Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes," the nurse said to the child.
.............................................................................................................................................9 "Leave your things here," my companion advised me.
.............................................................................................................................................10 "Don't discuss this question now," said the chairman to the participants.
..........................................................................................................................................
Exercise 31 "Will it be safe to stay in the mountains for the night if the weather doesn't change for the better?" we asked the guide.
...........................................................................................................................................2 The porter said to me, "I'll wake you up, when the train arrives in Leeds."
.............................................................................................................................................3 My wife said to me: "While you are away, I'll do the packing."
..........................................................................................................................................4 "Don't leave until I phone you," he asked me.
...........................................................................................................................................5 "After he leaves hospital, they'll take him to the South," the doctor said.
..........................................................................................................................................6 "They'll wait for the fisherman to return until it gets dark", the local man explained to me.
..........................................................................................................................................7 As soon as I hear from him, I'll let you know," my neighbour said to me.
............................................................................................................................................8 I’ll live in town till my husband returns from the expedition and when he returns, we'll go to the seaside together," she said.
..........................................................................................................................................9 The mother said to her son, ."Sit still, please."
.............................................................................................................................................10 John said to his friend, "Come and spend a week with us."
..........................................................................................................................................
Exercise 41 "Have you travelled abroad much?" he asked me.
.....................................................................................................................................2 "Who has written this note?" the boss asked the secretary.
.......................................................................................................................................3 "I've just received a postcard from my sister," my friend said to me.
...........................................................................................................................................4 "The students also took part in arranging the conference," the chair¬man said.
............................................................................................................................................5 "Have you been here long?" the stranger asked me.
.............................................................................................................................................6 "Did you really see this happen with your own eyes?" the policeman asked the boy.
...........................................................................................................................................7 "I hope they will have taken a decision by the end of the meeting," she remarked.
..........................................................................................................................................8 "Did you watch the detective film on TV yesterday?" he asked her.
.............................................................................................................................................9 "This story happened long ago," he said, "and few people remember anything about it."
........................................................................................................................................10 "I haven't read so interesting a book since I don't remember when," she said.
.........................................................................................................................................
Bài tập
1. “Shall I help you with the exercises?” he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………2. “Shall we give him a birthday cake?” he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………3. “Could I leave early on Friday?” he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………4. “Where shall we meet tonight?” she said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………5. “Will you have a drink?” he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………6. “How far is it from here to college?” he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………7. “Do you often have breakfast at 6.30 a.m?” he said
…………………………………………………………………………………………8. “Don’t swim too far, boys” she said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………9. “Do come in and have a drink” he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
10. “Remember to wake me up” she said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………11. “If I were you, I would learn English”, she said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………12. “Why don’t we go camping this Sunday?” he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………13. “Would you like to come to my birthday party next Sunday?” she said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………14. “Let’s have a talk on the new film”, he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………15. “ Shall I do the cleaning up for you?” he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………16. “What a clever boy!” she said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………17. “How ugly!” he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………18. “Did you prepare your meal?” he said. “No” I said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………19. “Happy birthday”, he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………20. “Take your seat”, he said. “thank”, I said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Rewrite each sentences, using Reported Speech :
1-“It’s a quiet flat, and the neighbors are nice.”
Mrs Celine Deon said.........
2-“The rent includes gas and electricity.”
She told me that.................
3-“I need £ 100 deposit.”
Then she said.....................
4-“I decorated the living room recently.”
She told me that.................
5-“Other people have been to see the flat.”
She said..........................
6-“You’ll have to make up your mind soon.”
She told me.........................
7-“The previous occupants looked after it very well.”
She said that.......................
8-“I’ve replaced all the carpets.”
She told me that................
9-“You can move in immediately.”
She told me ....................
10-“I’ll give you a ring soon.”
I told Mrs Celine Deon that..................
Rewrite each sentences, using Reported Speech :
1- “I will go to China next year.” Minh said.
..................................................................................................................................................................
2- Lan said, “I like learning English.”
..................................................................................................................................................................
3- Peter said to me, “I will go to the movies with you.”
..................................................................................................................................................................
4- Miss Nga said, “I love these sunflowers.”
..................................................................................................................................................................
5- Tom said to her, “I can’t help to you to do this test.”
..................................................................................................................................................................
6- They said, “We are doing the exercises now.”
..................................................................................................................................................................
7- Daisy’s father said to her, “I will give you a new bike.”
..................................................................................................................................................................
8- They said to him, “It is raining, so we can’t go out for a walk.”
..................................................................................................................................................................
9- Tom said, “I must leave now.”
..................................................................................................................................................................
10- She said, “I won’t buy this car because it is very old.”
..................................................................................................................................................................
11- “Do you like classical music ?” He asked me.
..................................................................................................................................................................
12- The man asked her, “Where are you from ?”
..................................................................................................................................................................
13- He asked them, “Why do you come home late ?”
..................................................................................................................................................................
14- She asked me, “Will you go with me ?”
..................................................................................................................................................................
15- Peter asked, “Can I play video games, Daddy ?”
..................................................................................................................................................................
16- The teacher asked Long, “How old are you ?”
..................................................................................................................................................................
17- “What are you doing now ?” Mary asked Tom.
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