Chuyên đề tự học môn Tiếng Anh - Infinitives

CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) - INFINITIVES

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INFINITIVES

I. Động từ nguyên thể dạng To Verb được sử dụng trong các trường hợp:

1. Làm chủ ngữ: To become a pilot is my dream.

2. Làm bổ ngữ: My wish is to become a pilot.

3. Làm tân ngữ:

a. đứng sau một số động từ (cấu trúc Verb + to Verb): 

aim, afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, bother, care, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, happen, hesitate, hope, learn, manage, neglect, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seem, swear, tend, threaten, volunteer, wait, want, wish, would like, would love eg: I decide to have a trip to New York next month. He failed to pass the test.

b. Đứng sau tân ngữ (Object) của một số động từ (cấu trúc Verb + Object + to Verb):

advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, convince, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, invite, instruct, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn, wish, would likeeg: Marry invited us to join the party. My mother wants us to visit our grandma every weekend.

c. Đứng sau một số tính từ (cấu trúc Adjective + to Verb)

able, unable, amazed, anxious, boring, certain, dangerous, delighted, difficult, disappointed, eager, easy, glad, good, happy, hard, important, lovely, pleased, ready, sorry, surprise, willingeg: It’s hard to get up early in the morning. I will be ready to perform within a few minutes. 

d. Đứng sau các từ what/when/where/who/which/how trong mệnh đề danh từ.

eg: I didn’t know what to do at that time. She learnt how to cook delicious traditional dishes from her mother. 

e. Đi với các từ chỉ thứ tự: the first/the second/the third/…, the next, the last, the only

eg: Jim was the last to enter the room.

f. Dùng để diễn đạt ý định, mục đích. eg: We study English to get a well-paid job.

g. Dạng bị động của Động từ nguyên thể To Verb: to be + Phân từ Quá khứ

eg: This work needs to be finished.

II. Động từ nguyên thể không có To (Verb-bare) được sử dụng trong các trường hợp:

a. Đứng sau tân ngữ của một số động từ (cấu trúc Verb + Object + Verb): help, let, make

eg: Don’t let him enter the room. My mother help me do my homework.

b. Khi đứng sau các từ dưới đây, động từ có thể ở dưới dạng “Verb-bare” hoặc “Verb-ing” tùy theo ngữ cảnh: feel, hear, notice, observe, overhear, see, watch

- Khi hành động chỉ xảy ra 1 lần, hoặc chủ thể chứng kiến hành động từ đầu tới cuối, thì động từ sẽ ở dạng “Verb-bare” eg: I watched the children shout at each other and I did nothing.

- Khi hành động lặp đi lặp lại, hoặc chủ thể chứng kiến giữa chừng của hành động, thì động từ sẽ ở dạng “Verb-ing”. eg: I heard the children shouting, so I ran upstairs to see what was going on.

c. Một số cụm động từ đặc biệt: hear tell (nghe nói), make believe (giả bộ), make do (cố xoay xở), let fall (rơi), let go (thả ra, buông tay) eg: I didn’t have a lot of money but I had to make do.

BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM:

Exercise 1. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.

1. When we last met, you told me that you planned________.

A. to move                  B. move C. moving D. being moved

2. Connecticut was the fifth of the original thirteen states________ the constitution of the United States.   

A. ratified  B. have ratified  C. to ratify D. ratify

3. The room needs________ for the wedding. 

A. to decorate B. to be decorated                  C. decorate D. decorated

4. We don't allow you________ in our house.

A. smoke B. smoked C. smoking D. to smoke

5. You are late! I expected you________ here earlier.

A. be                        B. to be C. being D. to being

6. John and Karen persuaded me________ the conference.

A. taken                B. taking  C. to take D. take

7. “If I were you, I would go to the doctor", he said to John.

A. He advised John that to go to the doctor. B. He told John to become a doctor.       

C. He advised John to go to the doctor. D. He told John that he would go to the doctor.

8. My teacher wouldn't let me leave early.

A. My teacher refused to let me leave early.       B. Me teacher refused letting me leave early.       

C. My teacher allowed me to leave early. D. My teacher permitted me to leave early.

9. The man said that he didn't like to follow the protocol.

A. The man admitted not following the protocol. 

B. The man accepted breaking the protocol.

C. The man promised to follow the protocol.

D. The man didn't want to follow the protocol.

10. “Do you mind helping me lift this heavy box?”, he said to her.

A. He ordered her to lift the heavy box.

B. “Do you pay attention on lifting this heavy box?”, he asked her.

C. He asked her to help him lift the heavy box. D. She didn't want to help him lift the heavy box.

Exercise 2. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.

1. You should study hard to___________ your classmates.

A. catch sight of B. feel like C. get in touch with D. keep pace with

2. Conservationists_____________ that experiments on animals be stopped.

A. banned B. complained C. said D. recommended

3. The child who was caught____________ was made to stand in the corner of the classroom.

A. behaving B. misbehave C. misbehavior D. misbehaving

4. UNICEF_______ supports and funds for the most disadvantaged children all over the world.

A. presents B. assists C. provides D. offers

5. Is there anyone who_____________ the plan put forward by the committee?

A. differs B. disagrees C. objects D. opposes

6. Doctors are supposed to_____________ responsibility for human life.

A. do B. take C. rush D. join

7. The policeman____________ me off with a warning as it was Christmas.

A. sent B. gave C. let D. set

8. You need more exercise - you should______________ jogging.

A. try on B. take up C. carry out D. hold up

9. Please_____________ our letter of the 14th. We have not had a reply.

A. know B. knowledge C. acknowledge D. unknow

10. He is going to take extra lessons to____________ what she missed while she was away.

A. catch up onB. cut down onC. put up withD. take up with11. It’s essential that every student___________ the exam before attending the course.

A. pass B. passes C. would passD. passed 12. It’s a formal occasion so we’ll have to______ to the nines- no jeans and pullovers this time!

A. hitch upB. put on C. wear in D. get dressed up13. After her illness, Lam had to work hard to______________ his classmates.

A. catch sight of B. keep pace with C. get in touch with D. make allowance for

14. ___________ for farming purposes, soil must contain the minerals plants require.

A. To be good B. Being good C. Be good D. That's good

15. Please____________ your cigarette. I am going to get choked.

A. cut down B. blowout C. put aside D. put out

16. The contract was signed by the three partners who thus agreed to____ by terms and conditions contained in it. A. follow B. adhere C. abide D. stick

17. It is not easy to ____________ our beauty when we get older and older.

A. develop B. maintain C. gain D. collect

18. She has been told by her doctor that she is _________, she cannot have a child of her own.

A. childish B. childhood C. childless D. child

19. The baby does nothing but____________ all day.

A. to sleep and to eat B. to sleep and eat C. sleep and eat D. sleeping and eating

20. It is very difficult to____________ the exact meaning of an idiom in a foreign language.

A. convertB. conveyC. exchangeD. transfer

Exercise 2. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.

1. A washing machine of this type will certainly_____________ normal domestic use.

A. stand up for B. come up with C. get on to D. take down with

2. He is doing very badly but he tries to____________ appearances.

A. hold on B. stick to C. keep up D. make out

3. He was so mean that he could not bear to________ the smallest sum of money for the charity appeal.

A. part with B. pay off C. give in D. let out

4. The mother told her son ___________ so impolitely.

A. not behave B. not to behave C. not behaving D. did not behave

5. “Excuse me! I’m looking for the library.” – “____________”

A. Where’re your eyes? It’s in front of you. B. Look no further!

C. Find it yourself. I’m busy. D. Oh, nice to meet you.

6. “Can you_____________ me a favor, Bill?” Peter said.

A. make B. get C. put D. do

7. Boy, stop reading____________ the book down and go to bed.

A. Take B. Put C. Set D. Pick

8. Our English teacher would like ______________.

A. that we practicing our pronunciation B. us practicing our pronunciation

C. us to practice our pronunciation D. we to practice our pronunciation

9. We are not allowed___________ jeans at school.

A. wear B. to wear C. wearing D. worn

10. Jack offered____________ care of my garden while I was out of town.

A. take B. taking C. to have taken D. to take

11. I got Barbara___________ her car for the weekend.

A. to let me to borrow B. let me borrow C. to let me borrow D. let me to borrow

12. ___________ sure that you follow the instructions carefully.

A. Believe B. Try C. Do D. Make

13. Professor Alan insisted that every student______________ their report by Friday.

A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. had finished

14. The students refused_____________ to school in the afternoon.

A. returning B. to return C. to be returned D. return

15. In view of the serious problems associated with the takeover the newspaper company has decided to_____________ its offer of financial help.

A. throw B. reject C. cancel D. deter

16. The main problem was that the newly formed organization was not attracting enough work and so they decided to____________ the services of a public relations expert.

A. call B. engage C. enter D. register

17. She is never willing_____________ any personal question.

A. answer B. to answer C. answering D. answered

18. If you need any support, you can rely on me to______________.

   A.  set you down         B. face up to you        C. back you up       D. put you through

19. The manager had his secretary_____________ the report for him.

A. to have typed B. typed C. type D. to type

20. Sports competition are held to_____________ cooperation and solidarity among countries.

A. grow B. upgrade C. spring up D. promote

Exercise 3. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.

1. ___________ a doctor, you have to meet some certain requirements of the medical college.

A. To become B. Become C. Becoming D. Became

2. Our teacher often said, "Who knows the answer? ___________ your hand."

A. Rise B. Lift C. Raise D. Heighten

3. The tin opener seemed____________________ for left-hand people.

A. to be designed B. being designed C. to design D. designing

4. The doctor asked his patient to_____________ down the coach.

A. lay B. sit C. lie D. come

5. The inspector_____________ to say whether there were any suspects.

  A. avoided                        B. denied                  C. refused          D. stopped

6. Jack has decided to____________ the time he spends watching television.

A. come up with              B. cut down on          C. run out of            D. see to

7. Could you please come over? I need you____________ the refrigerator.

A. help me moving B. helping me to move C. to help me move D. help me to move

8. He lost the race because he_____________ petrol on the last lap.

A. got out of B. ran out of C. made out of D. put out of

9. Is there a bank where I can_____________ these pounds for dollars?

A. exchange B. turn C. alter D. arrange

10. _____________ the gold medal, he will have to do better than that

A. To win B. So he win C. So that he win D. Winning

11. The twins look so much alike that almost no one can____________ them_____________.

A. take/apart B. tell/away C. tell/apart D. take/on

12. The players’ protests____________ no difference to the referee’s decision at all.

A. did B. made C. caused D. created

13. Shy people often find difficult to______________ group discussion.

A. take part in B. get on with C. take place in D. get in touch with

14. The boy waved his hands to his mother, who was standing at the school gate, to_________ her attention. A. attract B. pull C. follow D. tempt

15. The boy made his father____________ him a new bag.

A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. buys

16. We, the local residents were asked to____________ for the best activist of the local council.

A. elect B. shortlist C. support D. vote

17. The dear waters here____________ some of the world's best divers

A. draw attention B. attract C. appeal D. provoke

18. A lot of people who live in the outskirts have to______ to work every day by train or tube.

A. tour B. commute C. travel D. Move

19. It took the man forty five minutes to____________ to his office every day.

A. riding B. ride C. rode D. rides

20. Mary was the last applicant_____________________.

A. to be interviewed B. to be interviewing C. to interview D. to have interviewed

Exercise 4: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1. Mr. Brown didn’t afford___________ a car.

A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought

2. We’ve got a new computer in our office. I haven’t learnt how____________ it yet.

A. to operate B. operating C. operate D. be operated

3. We were all too afraid to speak. Nobody dared ______ anything.

A. saying B. being said C. says D. to say

4. They had a boy___________ that yesterday.

A. done B. to do C. did D. do

5. We get our mail___________ yesterday.

A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver

6. Tom hopes___________ a solution soon.

A. to be found B. finds C. to find D. finding

7. You must___________ a lot of people here.

A. to know B. knowing C. know D. known

8. This involves having a good memory and___________ hard.

A. work B. to work C. worked D. working

9. They claimed___________ the problem.

A. have solved B. solve C. solving D. to have solved

10. I’ve been invited to the party but I don’t know___________ or not.

A. whether I should to go B. whether go C. whether going D. whether I should go

11. Health experts advise___________ breakfast.

A. us not skipped B. us not skipping C. us not to skip D. us not skip

12. I would rather___________ this job.

A. not taken B. not take C. not to take D. not taking

13. I spent some time___________ around the shops in Elizabeth street yesterday.

A. looked B. be looking C. look D. looking

14. She will probably offer___________ the stereo for you.

A. to repair B. to be repairing C. repair D. repairing

15. She always proves___________ a true friend.

A.be B. being C. to been D. to be

16. There’s no point in___________ that.

A. persuade him to do B. persuading him to do C. persuading him do D. persuading him doing

17. If you delay___________ it back, you will risk___________ your rights as a customer.

A. to take/ losing B. taking/ to lose C. being taken/ losing D. taking/ losing

18. You should be willing___________.

A. to do that B. that do C. doing that D. to be done that

19. Just keep on___________ what you like.

A. do B. did C. doing D. done

20. He made me___________ it all over again.

A. do B. doing C. to do D. done

Exercise 5: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1. It is easy___________ wise after the event.

A. be B. to be C. being D. is

2. It is up to you___________ the laws of your own country.

A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned

3. Aren’t you fed up___________ the same thing every day?

A. of doing B. with doing C. with do D. on doing

4. Are you ready___________?

A. cooperate B. cooperated C. to cooperate D. cooperation

5. There are a lot of people___________ London every day.

A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. have visited

6. We enjoy___________ that film.

A. see B. to see C. seeing D. seen

7. ___________ is my hobby.

A. Collect B. Collecting C. Collected D. A and C

8. It’s no use___________ about pollution in big cities.

A. to complain B. complain C. complaining D. complained

9. Excuse me for___________ late and it is very kind of you___________ for me

A. to be/ to wait B. been/ waiting C. being/ to wait D. being/ waiting

10. ___________ her sweetheart, she smiled happily.

A. Look B. To look C. Looking D. Looked

11. When___________ each other, the American women do not usually shake hands.

A. meet B. to meet C. met D. meeting

12. On___________ at the airport, I was very worried to find that no one___________ for me.

A. arriving/ was waiting B. arrive/ was waiting

C. arriving/ had waiting D. arrive/ had been waited

13. ___________ a foreign language requires great effort.

A. Learn B. Lo learn C. Learning D. B and C

14. I regret___________ you that we cannot approve your application.

A. inform B. to inform C. informed D. informing

15. The rocks in the soil made___________ more difficult.

A. to plough B. ploughed C. ploughing D. plough

16. I remember___________ you somewhere but I’m sorry I forget your name.

A. meet B. to meet C. met D. meeting

17. Would you mind___________, please.

A. to answer the phone B. answer the phone

C. answering the phone D. to the phone answered

18. My mother told me___________ hope.

A. not to give up B. not to giving up C. not giving up D. not give up

19. My father wanted me__________ a pilot.

A. become B. becoming C. to become D. became

20. I’m hungry. Is there any food___________?

A. to be eaten B. to eat C. eating D. for me eating

Exercise 6: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1. My brother___________ his driving test when he was 18.

A. has passed B. passes C. was passing D. passed

2. Because it rained very heavily all day they had to_______ the garden party until the following Sunday.

A. prearrange B. rearrange C. postpone D. preserve

3. The next meeting____________ in May.

A. will hold B. will be held C. will be holding D. will have held

4. The manager___________ him for a minor mistake.

A. accused B. charged C. complained D. blamed

5. I___________ hurry. It’s nearly 8.00, and my first class starts at 8.15.

A. would prefer B. can’t help C. would rather D. had better

6. ____________ in simpler words?

A. Has this issue expressed B. Can't this issue express

C. Can this issue express D. Couldn't this issue be expressed

7. All traffic laws____________.

A. is observed B. must be observed C. must have observed D. had better observe

8. He’d hardly finished doing his homework when you arrived, __________?

A. didn’t he B. had he C. would he D. hadn’t he

9. Tomatoes____________ before they are completely ripe.

A. can be picked B. can pick C. needn't pick D. should be picking

10. I can’t_________ this noise any longer. I’m going to write a letter of complaint about this problem.

A. put up with B. take away from C. get back t