Ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh lớp 9 chuyên đề Câu điều kiện
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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1. Types of conditional sentences
- Type 1: Diễn tả những sự việc, điều kiện có thể xảy ra được ở hiện tại và tương lai.
(Future Real Condition)
- Type 2: Diễn tả những sự việc, điều kiện không có thật hay không thể xảy ra được ở hiện tại và tương lai.
(Present Unreal Condition).
- Type 3: Diễn tả những sự việc, điều kiện không có thật hay không thể xảy ra được ở quá khứ.
(Past Unreal Condition)
TYPEIF – CLAUSEMAIN CLAUSE1Present: S + V-s/es + ….S + will/can/may + V …. 2Past subjunctive: S + V-ed/wereS + would/could/might + V …..3Past perfect: S + had + PP.2S + would/could/might + have + PP.2 …..* Note 1: Ngoài ra còn có sự kết hợp giữa câu đk loại 2 và 3 tùy theo thời của V trong các mệnh đề gốc
+ If – clause ở loại 3, Main - Clause ở loại 2
Ex: You worked too hard yesterday, so you are tired now.
If you hadn’t worked too hard yesterday, you wouldn’t be tired now.
* Note 2: Chúng ta cũng có những mẫu câu đk không chuẩn, phụ thuộc vào thời của V trong các mệnh đề gốc
Ex: She didn’t answer the phone because she was studying.
She would have answered the phone if she hadn’t been studying.
* Note 3: Chúng ta dùng If để chỉ khả năng có thể của V trong If – Clause.
Dùng When thay cho If để chỉ sự chắc chắn của V trong If – Clause.
Dùng Should thay cho If để chỉ sự kém chắc chắn của V trong If – Clause.
Ex: If I have free time this weekend, I will visit them. (I’m not sure if I am free or not)
When I have free time this weekend, I will visit them. (I’m surely free)
2. Habitual Conditional Sentence
- Trong câu Điều kiện loại 1, nếu Main – Clause diễn tả thói quen hoặc sự thật thì ta không dùng Simple Future mà thay vào đó ta dùng Simple Present.
Ex: Ann usually walks to school if she has enough time.
I always get up late in the morning if I have nothing to do.
3. Conditional Sentence and Command Form
- Sự kết hợp giữa câu đk và câu mệnh lệnh thường xảy ra với câu đk loại 1
If + V-s/es + O, V + O V + O + if + S + Vs/es + O
Command Form
Ex: If you go to the post-office, please send this letter for me.
Please send this letter for me if you go to the post-office.
4. Unless : Trừ phi, nếu …không
- Unless = If …… not
Ex: If you don’t study more, you will get bad marks.
Unless you study more, you will get bad marks.
* Note: Khi chuyển 1 câu đk dùng If thành câu đk dùng Unless, ta cần chú ý:
+ If – Clause ở thể phủ định thì chuyển thành khẳng định. Main – Clause không biến đổi.
+ If – Clause ở thể khẳng định thì ta chỉ việc thay If = Unless, và biến đổi Main – Clause thành thể
ngược lại.
Ex: If we don’t protect the animals, they will die out. Unless we protect the animals, they will die out.
If I have time, I will help you. Unless I have time, I won’t help you.
5. Conditional sentences without “If” or “Unless”
- Câu điều kiện không có “If/Unless” xảy ra trong trường hợp câu điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng should trong mệnh đề điều kiện. Có thể bỏ If/Unless đi và đảo Should lên trước S trong mệnh đề điều kiện.
Ex: If I should meet her tonight, I will invite her a cup of champagne.
Should I meet her tonight, I will invite her a cup of champagne.
- Trường hợp này cũng xảy ra với câu điều kiện loại 2 có sử dụng Were trong mệnh đề điều kiện. Có thể bỏ If/Unless đi và đảo Were lên trước S trong mệnh đề điều kiện.
Ex: He isn’t tall, so he can’t reach the book.
Were he taller, he could have reached the book.
- Trường hợp này còn xảy ra với câu điều kiện loại 3 có sử dụng Had trong mệnh đề điều kiện. Có thể bỏ If/Unless đi và đảo Had lên trước S trong mệnh đề điều kiện.
Ex: If we had hurried, we wouldn’t have missed the match.
Had we hurried, we wouldn’t missed the match.
* Không được làm như vậy với các V khác.
* We use the form to emphasize the meaning of the conditional clause of the sentence.
6. Other forms of Conditional Sentences
- Câu điều kiện cũng có thể bắt đầu bằng: + Provided/Providing that: Giả sử rằng
+ On condition that: Với điều kiện là
+ Suppose/Supposing that: Giả sử như
+ In case: Trong trường hợp
+ Even if: Ngay cả khi, dù cho
+ So/As long as: Miễn là
+ Only if: Chỉ khi
+ Otherwise; Nếu không
+ Or: Hoặc là
+ Without: Nếu không
+ But for: Nếu không
BÀI TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
(CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)
EXERCISES
Conditional sentences: type I - Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If I see him I (give) him a lift.
2. If he (eat) all that he will be ill
3. Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked.
4. If he (wash) my car I'll give him $10.
5. If she (need) a radio she can borrow mine.
6. If you (not go) away I'll send for the police.
7. I'll be very angry if he (make) any more mistakes.
8. If he (be) late we'll go without him.
9. If we leave the car here it (not be) in anybody's way.
10. He'll be late for the train if he (not start) at once.
11. If you come late they (not let) you in.
12. If he (go) on telling lies nobody will believe a word he says.
13. If he (work) hard today can he have a holiday tomorrow?
14. If you (not like) this one I'll bring you another.
15. Unless you are more careful you (have) an accident.
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15..........................Conditional sentences: type 2 - Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If I (know) his address I'd give it to you.
2. If he worked more slowly he (not make) so many mistakes.
3. I shouldn't drink that wine if I (be) you.
4 More tourists would come to this country if it (have) a better climate.
5. If I were sent to prison you (visit) me?
6 If you drove your car into the river you (be able) to get out?
7 He might get fat if he (stop) smoking.
8 If he knew that it was dangerous he (not come).
9 If she (do) her hair differently she might look quite nice.
10 If we had more rain our crops (grow) faster.
11. I (offer) to help if I thought I'd be any use. '
12. If you (paint) the walls white the room would be much brighter.
13. If you knew you had only six weeks to live how you (spend) those six weeks?
14. You wouldn't have so much trouble with your car if you (have) it serviced regularly.
15.I would give her a lift if I ( be ) you.
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Conditional sentences: mixed types - Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. What (happen) if I press this button?
2. If you go to Paris where you (stay)?
3. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose)?
4. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) thick.
5. If the milkman (come), tell him to leave two bottles.
6. Someone (sit) on your glasses if you leave them there.
7. Unless they turn that radio off I (go) mad.
8. We'll have a long way to walk if we (run) out of petrol here.
9. I'll probably get lost unless he (come) with me.
10. You (not have) so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
11. If she (leave) the fish there the cat will get it.
12. If they (hang) that picture lower people would be able to see it.
13. She (be able) to walk faster if her shoes hadn't such high heels.
14. You (not be) any use to me unless you learn to type.
15. If he were in he (answer) the phone.
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Sentence transformations
Conditional sentences: type 1 & 2 - Rewrite these sentences, using an if construction.
1/ My brother will have enough money. He will buy a bicycle.
If .......................................................................................................................................
2/ I’ll buy a new hat. I’ll give it to you.
If .....................................................................................................................................
3/ You’ll ask the teacher. He’ll explain the lesson to you.
If....................................................................................................................................................
4.Work hard or you will fail your exam.
Unless.............................................................................................................................................
5.Hurry up or you will be late.
If.........................................................................................................................................
6. I can't drive so we can't take the car.
If ..........................................................................................................................................
7. I haven't much time so I read very little.
If ..........................................................................................................................................
8. They don't clean the windows so the rooms look rather dark.
If ..........................................................................................................................................
9. He doesn't work overtime, so he doesn't earn as much as I do.
If ..........................................................................................................................................
10. He doesn't take any exercise; that's why he is so unhealthy.
If ..........................................................................................................................................
Exercise 2 : Comment on these situations. Use a type 2 conditional.
1. Alan always overeats at lunch because he never eats breakfast.
If Alan cite breakfast, he wouldn't overeat at lunch.
2. I don't know enough about the machine, so I can't mend it myself.
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3. I don't ride the bus to work every morning because it's always so crowded.
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4. Not enough money is spent on cancer research, so a prevention has not been found.
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5. The wind is blowing hard. so I won't take the boat out for a ride.
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6. Nick can't find the way because he hasn't got a map.
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7. Schroeder ignores Lucy. so she gets angry at him.
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8. I can't look the word up because I haven't got a dictionary.
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9. Linus is smart, so he finds clever solutions to life's problems.
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10. We don't visit our parents very often because they live so far away.
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Exercise 3: Complete these conversations. Put
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:
If I see him , I _____ (give ) him a gift.
If I had a typewriter, I _____ (type) it myself.
If I had known that you were in hospital, I _____ (visit) you.
You could make better progress if you _____ (attend) class regularly.
If I _____ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you.
If you _____ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
If he worked more slowly, he _____ (not make) so many mistakes.
I shouldn’t drink that wine if I _____ (be) you.
If I _____ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight.
A lot of people _____ (be) out of work if the factory closed down.
Exercise 3: Use UNLESS instead of IF
EX: If you do not study hard, you will fail the exam.
Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam
If you do not like this one, I’ll bring you another
Unless………………………………………………
If she does not hurry, she’ll be late
Unless ……………………………………………….
If you are not careful, you’ll cut yourself
Unless ……………………………………………………
if you had not sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there.
Unless ……………………………………………………
Exercise 4: One of the four underlined parts marked A, B, C, D in each sentence is not correct in standard English. Identify them.
If Lucia had been here now, she would find out the truth about her uncle’s accident.
A B C D
If a student takes a course on Computer Science, it will take him four years doing the course.
A B C D
Unless it did not rain, Peter would pay us a visit.
A B C D
If had I known you were in financial difficulty, I would have helped you.
A B C D
If I had knew the time when the match started, I would have told you.
A B C D
If she had finished the work, she can go home.
A B C D
If I had spoken more confident at the interview, they would have offered me the job.
A B C D
If we had had a map, we would not be lost yesterday.
A B C D
Had I known Alice’s address, I would write to her.
A B C D
If I had realized that the traffic lights were red, I would stop.
A B C D
If had you sent the application form to that company, you would have been offered a job.
A B C D
He spends money carelessly as if he was a millionaire.
A B C D
Unless you work harder, you will be sack because of your laziness.
A B C D
Unless there had been the heavy storm, the climbers will not have died.
A B C D
She has found that nobody can help her if she did not try her best to do it herself.
A B C D
Exercise 6: Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences.
_____have enough apples, she’ll make an apple pie this afternoon.
A.Should she B. If she C. Will she D. Unless she
If you_____to me, you wouldn’t have got so much trouble.
A. listened B. would listen C. had listened D. Would have listened
If you don’t know how to spell a word, you_____ look it up in the dictionary.
A. must B. will C. should D. ought
If the sun _____, we _____for a walk.
A. shines / will go B. shone / will go C. shone / would go D. had shone / would go
The campfire _____ if it _____ last night.
A. wouldn’t be cancelled / hadn’t rained B. wouldn’t have been cancelled / hadn’t rained
C. would have been cancelled / hadn’t rained D. will be cancelled / rains
But for our parents, we _____ successful in life.
A. will never be B. would never be C. wouldn’t have be D. would have never been
If I _____ my wallet at home this morning, I _____ money for lunch now.
A. leave / will have B. didn’t leave / would have
C. hadn’t left / would have D. hadn’t left / would have had
It is too bad, Lam isn’t here. If he _____ here, he _____ what to do.
A. were / would know B. is / will know
C. had been / would have known D. was / would know
If we _____ the plans carefully, we would not have had so many serious mistakes.
A. study B. had studied C. studied D. were studying
I will never talk to you again _____ you apologize me _____ your being rude.
A. if / for B. unless / for C. or / of D. whether / or
_____ if you work harder, you will be sacked.
A. Whether B. If C. However D. Unless
I think you should stop smoking.
A. If I am you, I will stop smoking. B. If I were you, I will stop smoking.
C. If I were you, I would stop smoking. D. If I had been you, I would stop smoking.
If you take the ice out of the fridge, it _____.
A. vaporizes B. melts C. heats D. disappears
We should do something to protect water from being polluted _____we will have nothing to drink in the future.
A. if B. whether C. or D. unless
Let’s knock on their door to see _____ home.
A. if they’re B. unless they’re C. whether they were D. if they were
Unless we _____ more snow, we can’t go skiing.
A. will have B. have C. have had D. had
You’ll fail the exam _____ you start revising.
A. if B. until C. when D. unless
Unless you wash the car, you _____ not drive it at the weekend.
A. would B. could C. have to D. may
If Peter _____ his car before the drive, he _____ the problem of out of petrol.
A. checked / will not get B. had checked / would not have got
C. checks / will not have got D. would be checking / will not have got
He stepped on the mine, and it exploded.
If he doesn’t step on the mine, it doesn’t explode.
If he doesn’t step on the mine, it won’t explode.
If he didn’t step on the mine, it wouldn’t explode.
If he hadn’t stepped on the mine, it wouldn’t have exploded.
In my experiments, the liquid is cooled to 32 ºF. It always freezes.
If you cool the liquid to 32 degrees, it froze.
If you cooled the liquid to 32 degrees, it would freeze.
If you cool the liquid to 32 degrees, it will freeze.
If you had cooled the liquid to 32 degrees, it would have frozen.
It may rain this afternoon. I hope it doesn’t because I don’t want the match to be cancelled.
A. If it rains, the match is cancelled. B. If it rains, the match will be cancelled.
C. if it rained, the match would be cancelled. D. If it had rained, the match would have been cancelled.
Unfortunately, I don’t know Philosophy, so I can’t answer your question.
If I know Philosophy, I can answer your question.
If I know Philosophy, I will be able to answer your question.
If I knew Philosophy, I would be able to answer your question.
If I had known Philosophy, I would have been able to answer your question.
_____ there are some more ideas, we can end the meeting now.
A. If B. As if C. Unless D. In case
If he _____ with us now, he _____ the beauty of nature of the National Park.
A. is / can enjoy B. was / will enjoy C. has been / would enjoy D. were / could enjoy
If they had searched more carefully, they…the watch sooner.
A. will find B. would find C. found D. would have found
If I had got up early, I _____ to have breakfas
